Cryptorchid boys (seven unilateral and eight bilateral undescended testes) had a median age of 15 months (range 7-55 months). Patients had no prior hormonal or surgical treatment. Cryptorchid testis is defined as a testis localized outside the scrotum and incapable of being brought into a stable scrotal position. All undescended testes in this study were located in the inguinal region. Cryptorchid boys entering the study underwent an extensive clinical examination with no clinical signs of developmental malformations or syndromes. Performing clinical examination in accordance with STROBE-criteria for case-controlled studies, we excluded small testes, small penis, lack of normal scrotal rugae and pigmentation, gynecomastia and mild anemia. We further determined serum follicle stimulating hormone levels, luteinizing hormone levels, testosterone levels and inhibin levels [Verkauskas et al., 2016]. No MRI scans of the brain and sella turcica were performed. No clinical symptoms were found for hyperprolactinemia, pituitary lesions (tumor, granuloma and abscess), Cushing syndrome, severe or chronic illness, trauma or surgery and genetic mutations as Prader Willi syndrome. None of our patients suffered from a systemic diseases such as hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis and histiocytosis X.
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Cryptorchid boys (seven unilateral and eight bilateral undescended testes) had a median age of 15 months (range 7-55 months). Patients had no prior hormonal or surgical treatment. Cryptorchid testis is defined as a testis localized outside the scrotum and incapable of being brought into a stable scrotal position. All undescended testes in this study were located in the inguinal region. Cryptorchid boys entering the study underwent an extensive clinical examination with no clinical signs of developmental malformations or syndromes. Performing clinical examination in accordance with STROBE-criteria for case-controlled studies, we excluded small testes, small penis, lack of normal scrotal rugae and pigmentation, gynecomastia and mild anemia. We further determined serum follicle stimulating hormone levels, luteinizing hormone levels, testosterone levels and inhibin levels [Verkauskas et al., 2016]. No MRI scans of the brain and sella turcica were performed. No clinical symptoms were found for hyperprolactinemia, pituitary lesions (tumor, granuloma and abscess), Cushing syndrome, severe or chronic illness, trauma or surgery and genetic mutations as Prader Willi syndrome. None of our patients suffered from a systemic diseases such as hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis and histiocytosis X.
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C3687555 (UMLS CUI [1,1])
C0876920 (UMLS CUI [1,2])
C0001779 (UMLS CUI [1,3])
C4489231 (UMLS CUI [1,4])
C0458083 (UMLS CUI [1,5])
C0543467 (UMLS CUI [1,6])
C0679227 (UMLS CUI [1,7])
C0457932 (UMLS CUI [1,8])
C0018246 (UMLS CUI [1,9])
C0031809 (UMLS CUI [1,10])
C0000768 (UMLS CUI [1,11])
C0243161 (UMLS CUI [1,12])
C0007328 (UMLS CUI [1,13])
C2828389 (UMLS CUI [2,1])
C0241355 (UMLS CUI [2,2])
C0240701 (UMLS CUI [2,3])
C3846158 (UMLS CUI [2,4])
C0018418 (UMLS CUI [2,5])
C1858586 (UMLS CUI [2,6])
C0455276 (UMLS CUI [3,1])
C1268933 (UMLS CUI [3,2])
C0428412 (UMLS CUI [3,3])
C1533582 (UMLS CUI [3,4])
C1518422 (UMLS CUI [4,1])
C5189582 (UMLS CUI [4,2])
C1457887 (UMLS CUI [4,3])
C0020514 (UMLS CUI [4,4])
C0032002 (UMLS CUI [4,5])
C0010481 (UMLS CUI [4,6])
C0008679 (UMLS CUI [4,7])
C3714660 (UMLS CUI [4,8])
C0543467 (UMLS CUI [4,9])
C0026882 (UMLS CUI [4,10])
C0032897 (UMLS CUI [4,11])
C0442893 (UMLS CUI [4,12])
C0018995 (UMLS CUI [4,13])
C0036202 (UMLS CUI [4,14])
C1455705 (UMLS CUI [4,15])