All stroke cases in this young onset stroke subset had age of onset < 60 years. Patients who are (i) unable to give consent due to stroke related disability and have no surrogate (a valid surrogate respondent is a spouse or a first degree relative who lives in the same home as the patient and identifies himself/herself being aware of the participants medical history and habits) respondent to provide consent; (ii) have a non-vascular cause of sudden neurologic deficit (such as tumour, brain tuberculoma or other causes); and (iii) suffer from stroke due to cardiac surgery, angiogram, endovascular or any other related procedure in the hospital, are excluded from this investigation.