age 18 to 80

normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes (as evidenced by use of oral hypoglycemic medication or 2-hour ogtt glucose > 11.1 mmol/l)

insulin treatment or type 1 diabetes

bmi <19 or >40

physically active

undergoing weight-loss/gain

pregnancy

contraindication to exercise (ecg/cpx)

significant cardiovascular disease

history of renal/hepatic/gastrointestinal/pulmonary disease

clotting or bleeding disorders