presence of sinus rhythm on the screening electrocardiogram

first-time elective open heart surgery

absence of sinus rhythm at screening

known allergy or intolerance to gluten or anthocyanin compound

regularly consuming of anthocyanin or antioxidant supplements,

being currently pregnant,

existing or planned cardiac transplant or use of ventricular assist device,

being unable or unwilling to provide informed consent,

history of hepatic or renal disease,

history of cancer history of substance abuse